Saturday, August 2, 2014

"Sinks" of carbon terrestrial poorly understood

OCO-2 will become the main observatory of a fleet of five other international satellites that orbit the Earth every 99 minutes to perform a set of near-simultaneous observations. The satellite will measure samples of CO2 sources and sinks across the globe to enable scientists to better study the changes in climate.

"Sinks" of carbon terrestrial poorly understood

In April, the monthly concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per million (ppm) in the northern hemisphere, its highest level in at least 800,000 years, reports NASA. Burning fossil fuels (hydrocarbons, natural gas and coal) and other human activities emit nearly 40 billion tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere each year, producing unprecedented accumulation of the greenhouse gas emissions. Climate scientists have concluded that the increase in CO2 emissions from human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, had changed the balance of the natural carbon cycle of the Earth, causing a rise in temperatures and a change of Earth's climate.

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Currently, less than half of the CO2 emitted by human activities stays in the atmosphere, according to climatologists. Some of the rest is absorbed by the oceans, but the terrestrial carbon sinks have not all been located and are poorly understood, they explain. "Scientists do not know exactly where and how the oceans and vegetation absorb more than half of the CO2 produced by human activities and emitted into the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial age," said David Crisp, the head OCO-2 scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. "Because of this, we can not accurately predict how these processes affect the future climate change. For society to better manage the levels of CO2 in our atmosphere, we must be able to measure the natural sources of carbon and how work the natural carbon sinks, "he has said. Measurements of CO2 levels made by OCO-2 will be combined with data obtained from ground observation stations, aircraft and other satellites.

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